I once had a therapist refer to her autistic child as an “onion child.”
The more they worked with their care team, the more “layers” they found. The more time the child spent with their providers, the more diagnoses they got. And the more the family discovered all the different and interconnected challenges this child had.
And the more they found out, the more they were able to help unravel the interwoven issues the child had, so they could get them the help and support they needed to reach their full potential.
Kinda like peeling back the layers of an onion (or so she said).
Alongside the core features of autism, most autistic individuals, especially children, also experience comorbid (co-occurring) conditions that can significantly impact their daily lives.
While sometimes it can feel like you're just out there collecting diagnoses for your autistic kid like some weird game of Pokémon - Gotta Catch ‘em All! - the more you know, the better you’ll be able to help your child.
I'm here to provide you with a comprehensive guide on some of the most common comorbid conditions associated with autism. By understanding these conditions, you can better support your child, navigate their developmental journey, and get them the right supports at the right time.
Pathological Demand Avoidance (PDA)
Pathological Demand Avoidance is a profile of ASD characterized by an extreme resistance to everyday demands and a need for control. Children with PDA often experience high anxiety levels when faced with demands, leading to challenging behaviors and a feeling of being overwhelmed. Approaches that involve negotiation, flexibility, and collaborative problem-solving can be helpful when supporting children with PDA.
Anxiety and Depression
Anxiety and depression frequently coexist with autism, affecting both children and adults. It's essential to be vigilant for signs such as excessive worrying, social withdrawal, changes in appetite, and persistent sadness. Creating a supportive environment with clear routines, coping strategies, and access to mental health resources can contribute to managing these conditions effectively.
OCD and Tourette's Syndrome
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Tourette's Syndrome are often seen alongside autism. OCD presents with repetitive thoughts and behaviors, while Tourette's involves involuntary movements or vocalizations known as tics. A multidisciplinary approach involving therapy, medication, and behavioral interventions can help manage these conditions and improve quality of life.
Sensory Processing Disorder
Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) refers to difficulties processing sensory information from the environment. Individuals with autism may experience hypersensitivity or hyposensitivity to various sensory stimuli, such as touch, sound, or light. Creating a sensory-friendly environment, incorporating sensory breaks, and utilizing sensory integration therapy techniques can help individuals regulate their sensory experiences.
Sleep Issues
Sleep problems are prevalent among autistic individuals, affecting both children and adults. These issues can range from difficulty falling asleep to night awakenings. Establishing a consistent bedtime routine, providing a calm sleep environment, and addressing any underlying medical conditions can support healthy, restorative sleepo for your child, and you.
Binocular Vision Dysfunction
Binocular Vision Dysfunction (BVD) is a condition where the eyes have difficulty working together as a team. It can lead to symptoms such as eye strain, headaches, and reading difficulties. A comprehensive eye examination by an optometrist specializing in neuro-optometry can help identify and treat BVD, improving visual comfort and overall functioning.
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is characterized by persistent defiance, hostility, and resistance to authority figures. Children with autism may also exhibit symptoms of ODD. Developing consistent expectations, using positive reinforcement strategies, and seeking behavioral therapy can assist in managing challenging behaviors associated with ODD.
Auditory Processing and Hearing Loss
Auditory processing difficulties are common in individuals with autism. While hearing loss is less common, it can still play a role in the difficulties autistic kids deal with, and parents have to help manage. These challenges can affect the ability to understand and respond to spoken language. Audiological assessments, assistive listening devices, and speech therapy techniques can support communication and auditory processing skills.
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) is a connective tissue disorder that can occur alongside autism. EDS affects joint stability, causing hypermobility and chronic pain. Collaborating with medical professionals and implementing strategies to manage pain, such as physical therapy and assistive devices, can enhance the overall well-being of individuals with both EDS and autism.
Intermittent Explosive Disorder
Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED) involves recurrent outbursts of aggressive or violent behavior that go beyond what could normally be expected to happen with “typical” autism-related meltdowns. It can occur alongside autism, often triggered by frustration or sensory overload. A combination of behavior management techniques, social skills training, and therapy can assist individuals in developing coping mechanisms and reducing the frequency and intensity of outbursts.
ADHD
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a frequently observed comorbid condition in individuals with autism. ADHD can lead to difficulties with attention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Collaborating with healthcare professionals to develop an individualized treatment plan, including behavioral interventions and medication when appropriate, is crucial for managing ADHD effectively.
Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder whose defining characteristic is recurrent seizures. Seizures can vary in their presentation, from mild absence seizures to more severe generalized tonic-clonic seizures. If your child has autism and epilepsy, it is important to work closely with healthcare professionals to develop a comprehensive seizure management plan. This may involve medication, lifestyle modifications, and regular monitoring to ensure the best possible seizure control and overall well-being for your child.
Intellectual Disability
Intellectual disability, also known as intellectual developmental disorder, is a condition characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviors. This can manifest as challenges in learning, problem-solving, communication, and independent living skills. As a parent, it is crucial to focus on providing a supportive and inclusive environment, tailored educational programs, and individualized interventions that promote your child's strengths and help them reach their full potential.
AFRID and Feeding Issues
Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (AFRID) and feeding issues can present challenges for individuals with autism. AFRID involves extreme food selectivity, leading to limited nutritional intake. Collaborating with a qualified healthcare team, including a registered dietitian, can help design a well-rounded meal plan, address sensory sensitivities, and gradually expand the food repertoire.
Language Delays and Speech Issues
Language delays and speech issues are common in individuals with autism. Some may be non-speaking, while others may struggle with articulation or pragmatic language skills. Early intervention services, speech therapy, augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices, and social communication training can promote language development and effective communication.
Conclusion
Understanding comorbid and co-occurring conditions associated with autism is essential for parents to provide comprehensive support to their children. By acknowledging and addressing all the challenges your child has, you can enhance their overall well-being and improve their quality of life.
Remember, at Out Of Your Ordinary, no one parents alone!
Seek support from our community and the healthcare professionals who work with your child. Never underestimate the power of your unconditional love and advocacy.
Being informed is the first step toward empowerment. Armed with this knowledge, you can navigate the challenges and celebrate the unique strengths that make your child extraordinary.
Together, we can create a world that embraces and supports autistic children and their families, while making sure we parents get the support and self-care we need to thrive!
This article is the cornerstone of our series on Autism and Co-Occurring Conditions…I hope it helps you and your family understand more about autism and the comorbid conditions that occur with it.
Knowledge is power! You are now prepared to become an Empowered and Engaged Autism Parent, and make educated decisions for your autistic child and yourself!
Disclaimer: This article provides general information and support. Consulting with qualified healthcare professionals for personalized advice and guidance is essential. This article is not medical advice, and should not be treated as such.
Meet your self-care coach!
