When it comes to understanding the lives and challenges of autistic children, one crucial aspect to consider is sensory processing. Almost every child diagnosed with autism also has sensory processing challenges or SPD…it is by far the most common co-occurring condition with autism.
In this article, we'll explore the sensory spectrum, shed light on how SPD affects autistic children, and provide practical tips to support their sensory needs.
The Sensory Spectrum
Imagine a world where every sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell is intensified, overwhelming your senses. This is the reality for many autistic children who experience sensory processing disorder.
SPD refers to difficulties in organizing and responding to sensory information, leading to either hypersensitivity (too sensitive) or hyposensitivity (not sensitive enough) depending on the sensory conditions and the day.
It is important to note that Sensory Processing is very dependent on how well the child is feeling and doing on any given day…some days they may be able to try the new food and wear the socks with the wonky seams. Somedays, they’ll only be able to eat their safe foods and run around in their underwear.
Understanding the Impact of SPD on Autistic Children
It’s really hard to talk about autism without having a conversation about sensory processing disorder or “sensory issues.” By some estimates, as many as 90-100% of autistic children also experience sensory processing challenges!
Sensory Avoidance
Some autistic children may have hypersensitive senses, making them more prone to sensory overload. Everyday sounds, bright lights, certain textures, or strong smells can be overwhelming, leading to stress, anxiety, and meltdowns.
Sensory Seeking
On the other end of the spectrum, some children may be sensory seekers, constantly seeking sensory input to regulate their nervous system. They might engage in repetitive behaviors, seek out intense sensations, or have a high pain tolerance.
Combo Kids
Most kids are both a mix of sensory seeking and sensory avoidant. While a child may love to spin, crash into things, and eat spicy foods, they may also struggle with loud sounds and scratchy clothes and prefer to read instead of engaging in messy play.
Remember, that an autistic child’s ability to handle sensory input changes like the weather. It depends on what’s going on for them on any particular day and time…some days they can handle more stimulation and input, and other times, they really need to chill out and hang back.
Practical Tips for Supporting Sensory Needs
Here are some top tips for creating a sensory-friendly environment for your children…
- Create a Sensory-Friendly Environment. Provide a calm and predictable environment at home. Minimize unnecessary noise, reduce clutter, and create designated spaces for different activities. Pay attention to smells! That Glad Plugin or candle you love so much may be the exact thing that’s setting off your child’s meltdowns due to overstimulation.
- Establish Sensory Breaks. Incorporate regular sensory breaks throughout the day. These can involve activities such as deep-pressure massage, swinging, or engaging with sensory toys.
- Sensory Diet. Work with an occupational therapist to develop a personalized sensory diet for your child. This involves incorporating specific sensory activities and strategies into their daily routine to promote self-regulation.
- Offer Choices. Allow your child to have choices when it comes to sensory experiences. Offer them a range of sensory activities or tools to choose from, empowering them to make decisions based on their needs. Mom note: this is one of the best things we ever did for my kids. Besides helping autistic children discover how to communicate effectively, helping them understand their sensory sensitivities is the most important thing you can help them learn. Once they’re able to manage their sensory needs for themselves, it’s like a whole new world opens up for them…and it is hugely liberating for the child and the parents. The increased independence is vital to reducing meltdowns and helping the children thrive.
- Sensory-Friendly Outings. When planning outings or visits, consider the sensory environment. Opt for quieter times, provide noise-canceling headphones or sunglasses, and plan for sensory-friendly activities. Don’t forget to allow them time to decompress when you get home.
- Advocate for Sensory Accommodations. Collaborate with your child's school or therapy providers to ensure appropriate sensory accommodations are in place. This can include preferential seating, quiet spaces, or sensory tools in the classroom.
- Keep Yourself Calm and Regulated. As an autism parent, one of the greatest discoveries I’ve made is that I too, have sensory issues! A lot of them are around noise, which is a problem when your child is having multiple, loud meltdowns every day! Keeping yourself regulated is something you can do to help support your child, and yourself, as you navigate the challenges of autism and sensory processing disorder.
Conclusion
Understanding sensory processing disorder is essential when supporting the unique sensory needs of autistic children. By recognizing the sensory challenges they face and implementing practical strategies, we can create a more inclusive and supportive environment.
Every child is unique, so tailor your approach based on their individual needs and preferences, and how they are doing on any given day. It can be a challenge to help them navigate their ever-changing sensory needs, but with a few tools, and the right parental mindset, you’ll both be able to thrive!
Disclaimer: This article provides general information and support. It's essential to consult with qualified healthcare professionals for personalized advice and guidance. This article is not medical advice, and should not be treated as such.
This article is part of our series on Autism and Co-Occurring Conditions…check back on August 2, 2023, to view the complete collection.
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